Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources: An Introduction, 2nd, Revised and Expanded Edition
Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources: An Introduction, 2nd, Revised and Expanded Edition
Authors: Dieter Deublein, Angelika SteinhauserDesigned as a practical introduction to biogas plant design and operation, the author covers both the biological and technical aspects of biogas generation.
The full range of biogas substrates and processing modes is explained, from agricultural and industrial waste to marine algae and sediment. On-site use of biogas for conversion into electricity, fuel and heat is also discussed, as are safety and regulatory issues. Dozens of real-life examples of European biogas plants already in operation illustrate the contents, as do numerous schemes, diagrams and summary tables.
For the new edition, the authors have included recent advances in the processing of biomass that allows a greater range of substrates to be used, biogas analytics and quality control required for feeding biogas into natural gas networks, and a completely new chapter on the microbiology of biogas-producing bacterial communities.
Availability: In Print
Publication date: October 2010
Binding: Hardcover
Dimensions: Unknown
Weight: Unknown
Extent:578pp
ISBN:978-3-527-32798-0
Add to Order
Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources: An Introduction, 2nd, Revised and Expanded Edition
Preface.Preface to the Second Edition.
Symbols and Abbreviations.
Acknowledgements.
Part One Potential and History.
General Thoughts about Energy Supply.
- Energy Supply – Today and in the Future
1.1 Primary Energy Sources.
1.2 Secondary Energy Sources.
1.3 End-Point Energy Sources.
1.4 Effective Energy.
- Energy Supply in the Future – Scenarios.
- Potential for Transforming Biomass into End-Point Energy Sources.
3.1 Amount of Available Area
3.2 Theoretical Potential.
3.3 Technical Potential.
3.4 Economic Potential.
3.5 Realizable Potential.
- History and Status to Date in Europe.
4.1 First Attempts at Using Biogas.
4.2 Second Attempts at Using Biogas.
4.3 Third Attempts at Applying Biogas
4.4 Status to Date and Perspective in Europe.
- History and Status to Date Worldwide.
5.1 History and Status to Date in China
5.2 History and Status to Date in India.
5.3 Status to Date in America
5.4 Status to Date in the CIS States
- General Aspects of the Recovery of Biomass in the Future.
- Energy Supply in the Future – Scenarios.
Introduction
- Substrate
7.1 Agricultural Products
7.2 Biowaste from Collections of Residual Waste and Domestic Waste Like Commercial Waste
7.3 Landfill for Residual Waste.
7.4 Sewage Sludge and Co-substrate.
7.5 Industrial Waste Water.
7.6 Waste Grease or Fat.
7.7 Cultivation of Algae.
7.8 Plankton.
7.9 Sediments in the Sea.
7.10 Wood, Straw.
- Biogas.
8.1 Biogas Compared with Other Methane-Containing Gases.
8.2 Detailed Overview of Biogas Components.
- Biogas.
- Biochemistry
- Bioreactions
10.1 Hydrolysis.
10.2 Acidogenic Phase
10.3 Acetogenic Phase.
10.4 Methanogenic Phase.
- Process Parameters
11.1 Parameter: Hydrogen Partial Pressure.
11.2 Parameter: Concentration of the Microorganisms (Ensilage, Recirculation of Biomass).
11.3 Parameter: Type of Substrate.
11.4 Parameter: Specific Surface Area of Material.
11.5 Parameter: Disintegration.
11.6 Parameter: Cultivation, Mixing, and Volume Load.
11.7 Parameter: Light.
11.8 Parameter: Temperature.
11.9 Parameter: pH.
11.10 Parameter: Redox Potential.
11.11 Parameter: Nutrients (C : N : P Ratio)
11.12 Parameter: Precipitants (Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate, Apatite).
11.13 Parameter: Biogas Removal.
11.14 Parameter: Inhibitors.
11.15 Parameter: Degree of Decomposition
11.16 Parameter: Foaming and Scum Formation. - Bioreactions
Part Four Microorganisms in Methanogenic Ecosystems.
- Methanogenic Ecosystems
12.1 Ecosystems in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Ruminants.
12.2 Ecosystems in the Gastrointestinal System of Herbivores.
12.3 Ecosystems in the Intestine of Termites of Termites.
12.4 Ecosystem in the Soil of a Paddy Field.
12.5 Ecosystems in a Biogas Reactor.
- Microorganisms in Methanation
13.1 Protists.
13.2 Fungi.
13.3 Bacteriophages.
13.4 Bacteria and Archaea.
- Microorganisms in Methanation
- Guidlines and Regulations
14.1 Regulations Relating to the Construction of Plants.
14.2 Biomass and Residue.
14.3 Feeding Biogas to the Gas Network.
14.4 Risk of Explosion.
14.5 Risk of Fire.
14.6 Harmful Exhaust Gases.
14.7 Noise Protection.
14.8 Prevention of Injuries.
14.9 Protection from Water
- The Biogas Laboratory
15.1 Laboratory Digesters with Eudiometers.
15.2 Pilot Fermenter.
15.3 Larger Pilot Plants for Batchwise or Continuous Fermentation Tests.
15.4 Analyses. - The Biogas Laboratory
Part Six Equipment of a Biogas Plant
- Tanks and Bioreactors
16.1 Brick Tanks.
16.2 Reinforced Concrete Tanks.
16.3 Tanks of Normal Steel Sheet Metals with an Enamel Layer or Plastic Coating.
16.4 Tanks of Stainless Steel.
16.5 Ground Basin with Plastic Foil Lining.
- Equipment for Tempering the Substrate.
- Thermal Insulation.
- Agitators.
19.1 Mechanical Agitation.
19.2 Circulation Pumps.
19.3 Gas Injection into the Digestion Tower.
19.4 Stirring Effect by Gas Formation.
- Mixing of Biomass and Water.
- Machines to Separate the Liquid from the Biomass.
21.1 Belt-type Press.
21.2 Filter Press.
21.3 Decanters.
- Pipes.
22.1 Substrate Pipework.
22.2 Gas Pipes.
- Pumps.
23.1 Submerged Centrifugal Pump, Submerged Motor Centrifugal Pump.
23.2 Eccentric Screw Pump, Eccentric Rotor Pump.
- Measurement, Control, and Automation Technology.
24.1 Mechanisms for Monitoring and Regulation.
24.2 Equipment to Guarantee Operating Safety.
- Exhaust Air Cleaning.
- Equipment for Tempering the Substrate.
- Transportation and Storage of the Biomass.
26.1 Transport and Means of Transport.
26.2 Storage Silos.
- Process Technology for Upstream Processing.
27.1 Adjustment of the Water Content.
27.2 Removal of Impurities/Harmful Substances (Figure 27.3).
27.3 Comminution.
27.4 Hygienization.
27.5 Disintegration.
- Feeding.
28.1 Feeding with Substrate.
28.2 Feeding with Additives.
- Digested Residue.
29.1 Pressing of the Fermentation Residue.
29.2 Drying.
- Wastewater.
- Process Technology for Upstream Processing.
Part Eight Fermentation – Agricultural Plant.
- Batchwise and Continuous Processes Without Separators.
31.1 Floating Cup Reactor.
31.2 Fixed-Dome Reactor.
31.3 Deenbandhu Model.
31.4 Plastic Bag Reactor and Plastic Silo Reactor.
31.5 Cavern Plants.
31.6 One-Stage Agricultural Biogas Plants.
- Existing Installations from Different Suppliers.
32.1 WABIO-Vaasa Process.
32.2 DUT Process.
32.3 Entec Process.
32.4 Bigadan™ Process (Formerly Krüger Process).
32.5 Valorga™ Process.
- Operation of a Plant Without Separation Equipment.
33.1 Start-up.
33.2 Start-up of the Plant.
33.3 Operation of the Plant.
- Benefits of a Biogas Plant.
- Typical Design Calculation for an Agricultural Biogas Plant.
- Economics Calculations for Biogas Plants.
36.1 Capital-Bound Costs Per Year in US$.
36.2 Consumption-Bound Costs Per Year.
36.3 Operation-Bound Costs Per Year.
36.4 Other Costs Per Year.
36.5 Total Costs.
36.6 Income Per Year.
36.7 Annual Revenue of the Biogas Plant.
- Efficiency.
- Existing Installations from Different Suppliers.
Fermentation.
- Installation with Substrate Dilution and Subsequent Water Separation.
38.1 Process Engineering.
38.2 Implemented Installations of Different Manufacturers.
- Installation with Biomass Accumulation.
39.1 Sewage Sludge Digestion Tower Installation.
39.2 Sludge-Bed Reactor.
39.3 Reactors with Immobilized Microorganisms.
- Plants with Separation of Non-Hydrolyzable Biomass.
40.1 Process Engineering and Equipment Construction.
40.2 Efficiency.
40.3 Plant Installations.
- Percolation Process.
41.1 Dry Fermentation Process in a Stack.
41.2 AN/Biothane™ Process.
41.3 Prethane™/Rudad™–Biopaq™ Process or ANM Process.
41.4 Foil Hose Process.
41.5 IMK Process.
41.6 Dry Anaerobic Composting.
41.7 Aerobic–Anaerobic–Aerobic Process (3A Process).
41.8 Fermentation Channel Process.
- Special Plant Installations.
42.1 Combined Fermentation of Sewage Sludge and Biowaste.
42.2 Biowaste Plants.
42.3 Purification of Industrial Wastewater. - Installation with Biomass Accumulation.
Part Ten Biogas Storage and Preparation.
- Biogasholder.
43.1 Biogasholder Types.
43.2 Gas Flares.
- Gas Preparation.
44.1 Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide.
44.2 Removal of the Carbon Dioxide.
44.3 Removal of Oxygen.
44.4 Removal of Water.
44.5 Removal of Ammonia.
44.6 Removal of Siloxanes.
- Quantities of Gas and Measurement of Gas Quality.
- Liquefaction or Compression of the Biogas.
46.1 Liquefaction.
46.2 Compression. - Gas Preparation.
Part Eleven Biogas Utilization.
Utilization of Biogas to Generate Electric Power and Heat.
- Utilization of Gas Exclusively to Generate Heat.
- Utilization of Gas to Generate Current and Heat.
48.1 Supply of Current to the Public Power Network.
48.2 Heat.
48.3 Combined Heat and Power Generator (CHP).
48.4 Lessons Learnt from Experience.
48.5 Economy.
- Biogas for Feeding into the Natural Gas Network.
49.1 Biogas for Feeding into the Natural Gas Network in Switzerland.
49.2 Biogas for Feeding into the Natural Gas Network in Sweden.
49.3 Biogas for Feeding into the Natural Gas Network in Germany.
- Biogas as Fuel for Vehicles.
50.1 Requirements on Gas When Used as Fuel.
50.2 Vehicles.
50.3 Gasoline Station. - Utilization of Gas to Generate Current and Heat.
Literature.
Index.
The cost of delivering this item to your selected country is detailed below:
| Item Delivery Cost: |
The information on this web site should be used for guidance and educational purposes only. While 5M has made every attempt to ensure that the information is accurate and reliable at the time of its publication, it cannot accept responsibility for any errors, omissions or inaccuracies or for the results obtained from the use of such information. Images are indicative only and may differ from the actual products supplied.